Keywords: See this image and copyright information in PMC. Median age of patients admitted to the registry was 27 years with an interquartile range of 8-47 years. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. This study has examined the potential risk factors of severe COVID-19 such as demographic characteristics, comorbidities and complications to assist clinicians with allocation of medical resources. In our analysis, the top risk factor was hypertension with the score of 11.3%, indicating that though the OR of hypertension was not relatively high among all the factors, it did play a more important role than we had thought. How was this MOST accurately . For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas. Epub 2020 May 27. Disclosures: Authors declare no relationship with industry or other relevant entities that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. Patients were classified into four groups, mild, moderate, severe and critically ill. government site. 20. A. x]YsF~g'0 While the analyses of asthma (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 0.814.61; I2 = 79.4%) [26, 28, 35, 38, 45] showed no significant differences between patients with severe and non-severe disease. Pellentesque dapibus, consectetur adipiscing elit. endobj Supervisor responsibilities include reporting accidents, dangerous incidents and hazardous situations once a week. The PAFs of ARDS (10.7%) and AKI (7.4%) were also high which showed that they possibly make a considerable contribution to the severity of COVID-19, but there are no specific clinical guidelines to prevent them. Endocrinology (including Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Disease), Intensive Care and Critical Care Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy. In adjusted analyses, the sociodemographic factors associated with hospitalization and/or disease severity included older age, non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic race/ethnicity (compared to non-Hispanic White), and smoking. Our study investigated the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of 63 patients with COVID-19 in Beijing. The severity of symptoms among patients infected with COVID-19 varies considerably from being varies considerably from being asymptomatic to being a critical illness with lethal complications [3, 4]. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Limited egress in emergenciesB. A. Donec aliquet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec aliquet. When conducting a five whys accident analysis the investigator will dig deeper to uncover an accident ____________. 3. here. Donec aliquet. Negligible To evaluate the total cost of the accident you must combine both ___ and ___cost. Functional group A subset of a community that includes species that function in similar ways, but do not necessarily use the same resources. A severity factor is established as a coefficient to assess the dielectric severity supported by a transformer winding considering the incoming transient overvoltage (voltage spike). the severity factors are delineated by characteristics. About 31.3% of patients were hospitalized and 13.2% had severe disease. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted We used a Mantel-Haenszel random effects model to calculate effect sizes. Liu S, Luo H, Wang Y, Cuevas LE, Wang D, Ju S, Yang Y. BMC Infect Dis. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The severity factors are delineated by characteristics frequent, marginal, critical, and catastrophic. The datasets and SAS codes used for data analysis are available only for the purpose of reproducing the study findings upon reasonable request. User: each one of the following words ends in est. Second, detecting significant heterogeneity in some analyses, we chose to use a random effects model to process data but did not identify the clear sources of heterogeneity through subgroup analyses. _______ cost is not paid by the insurance company and are unrecoverable. True OR False, 9. Copyright: 2021 Li et al. impulsivity and oppositional defiant disorder severity assessed in adolescence were also associated with higher average levels of . Published by Elsevier Ltd. Age and clinical type distribution of COVID-19. R. Malewski, J. Douville, L. Lavallee, "Measurement of Switching Transients in 735 kV Substations and Assessment of their Severity for Transformer Insulation," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.3, no.4, pp.1380-1390, Oct. 1988. Objective We aimed to systematically identify the possible risk factors responsible for severe cases. 2020 Jul;81:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.05.012. It is noteworthy that the severity represents the seriousness of the failure and not the mode of the failure. The severity factors are delineated by characteristics frequent, marginal, critical, and catastrophic. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. hUmO0+_DBZJKuSB6;'D$sydh"FI\:$!0G$g407rIx$^s{e'vO8 2020 Jun 1;3(6):e2010895. Slips, trips, and falls account for many general industry The severity factors are delineated by characteristics _____ marginal, critical and catastrophic. endstream endobj startxref Install safety devices. PLoS ONE 16(5): 2020 Aug 27;24(1):525. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03255-0. Therefore, it is essential to prevent the occurrence of the above complications and give prompt first aid treatment when such complications occur. We tried to analyze several factors such as study location, publication date, sample size and patients average age of which study location gave a relatively meaningful result as shown in Table 5. There are two types of failures that cause human errors, active and latent. 1 99]0Z2 w@ _T The natural decrease in functional reserve brought about by the physiological aging process could reduce elders capability to resist infections like COVID-19. X. et al. slipping. It is suggested that up to 11.3% and 7.1% of severe cases could have been avoided if the prevalences of hypertension and obesity were reduced. Ji P, Zhu J, Zhong Z, Li H, Pang J, Li B, Zhang J. In summary, patients with severe conditions had a higher rate of comorbidities and complications than patients with non-severe conditions. Weegy: In physics, power is the rate of doing work. 226 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<6B1A8B070519EA45B173713DCA538B78><8F6428B46672464BB0E8291B88D909E4>]/Index[208 28]/Info 207 0 R/Length 89/Prev 59879/Root 209 0 R/Size 236/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream 6. In summary, patients with COVID-19 who have the following characteristics: male gender, advanced age, a history of smoking, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, malignancy, coronary heart disease, hypertension, COPD, CKD and chronic liver disease, were more likely to develop the severe form of the disease. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Fever was the most common presentation (84.1%), but cough was present in only slightly over half of the patients. No, Is the Subject Area "Obesity" applicable to this article? To assess the risk of publication bias, we drew a funnel plot for each factor. A. 762 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<359D81C940D84F449BA3E3C4AFB004A0><45E8602F2F905C498AF04BB8409D1A0E>]/Index[744 33]/Info 743 0 R/Length 96/Prev 1017040/Root 745 0 R/Size 777/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 4. Loading docks D. Vats, 11. The comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, CKD, coronary heart disease, COPD, cerebrovascular disease and chronic liver disease could probably aggravate the illness and this outcome was consistent with other studies. 17. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molesti, ongue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Laboratory abnormalities in children with mild and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A pooled analysis and review. Fig 3 shows the potential association between seven comorbidities and the risk of severe COVID-19 using ORs. 3. Of this population, 1056 (91%) reported scores for pain and itching. We aimed to systematically identify the possible risk factors responsible for severe cases. To evaluate the total cost of the accident you must combine both ____ and _____ cost. Which of the following best explains why Mae does not want to sell How was Chinese communism different from European communism? NOTE: Your email address is requested solely to identify you as the sender of this article. She places the base of the ladder 12 feet Regosols, Cambisols and Vertisols were identified (Fig. Sexdistribution of COVID-19 with different clinical classification. ReasonableB. Though our analysis showed there was a potential relationship between malignancy and severe condition, some articles had conflicting outcomes, and a few articles have even suggested that some patients with cancer may have better clinical outcomes since the possible emergence of cytokine storm was dampened because of their compromised immune systems [76, 77]. Logistic regression modeling adjusted for covariates was used to identify the factors associated with hospitalization and severe COVID-19. One factor is called Time Domain Severity Factor (TDSF) and another one is the Frequency Domain Severity Factor (FDSF). An official website of the United States government. 2020 Aug 6;20(1):584. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05314-x. The severity factors are delineated by characteristics Negligible, Marginal, critical, and catastrophic. User: Can I get a better answer Weegy: Weegy: Y/y^3 = 1/y^2. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Finally, 41 articles [1151] published between February 7th, 2020 and March 13th, 2021 were included, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. (A-D) Forest plots of the association between (A) sex, (B) age, (C) smoking history, (D) BMI and severe COVID-19 disease. Other significant outcomes included coronary heart disease (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.223.71; I2 = 59.9%) [1115, 17, 20, 2238, 4145, 47, 4951], malignancy (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 2.003.40; I2 = 11.9%) [11, 13, 15, 17, 20, 2226, 28, 3032, 3438, 41, 43], cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.543.97; I2 = 28.4%) [11, 13, 14, 20, 22, 24, 25, 34, 38, 40, 42, 44, 50, 51], hypertension (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 2.032.88; I2 = 67.9%) [1118, 20, 2251], diabetes (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.982.91; I2 = 55.6%) [1120, 2245, 4751] and chronic liver disease (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.062.17; I2 = 0.0%) [1115, 17, 20, 2226, 28, 3032, 3438, 41, 4344, 47, 50]. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Obesity could cause more endothelial dysfunction [67] and weaken the immunocompetent cells especially their cytotoxic cell responses [68]. Factors Associated with Hospitalization and Disease Severity in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Population of COVID-19 Patients, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, School of Social Work, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati. Marginal, critical, and catastrophic. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. here. The severity factors are delineated by characteristics blank. Results: Forty-seven children met our study criteria. A. 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433. 10.1164/rccm.202003-0543OC. This shows high consistency among the studies conducted in Hubei province but the heterogeneity of the studies outside Hubei province is also significant. m^jx_!oOp$ P(K"gfC5LiIA{E^u:DICNfL}1qlfr. Because of the urgent need for published results on COVID-19 during the outbreak, some studies [1115, 18, 19, 22, 23, 27, 29, 30, 34, 40, 43, 48, 49, 51] had limited follow up times. A study with similar results to ours has also reported a potential link between chronic liver disease and severe COVID-19 [79]. I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. The severity factors are delineated by characteristics. Author summary The study investigated different clinical features and risk factors for severe disease between pediatric and elderly patients with scrub typhus. Nam lacinia pulvinar tor, s ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was then conducted to point out the predominance of the severity factors identified. We also found some comorbidities were potentially high-risk factors for severe disease and this is consistent with other recent studies [53, 55, 5759]. Safety https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.s002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602.s003. from the house. An employer must contact OSHA within 8 hours when there has been a workplace fatality or 3 or more people are injured and require hospitalization from asingle incident. hbbd``b`:$gs q5A%@9HX~ & @BHr "&Fx Q'@ \+ Funding: AMs contribution was partly funded by grant P30 ES006096 from the U.S. NIH. In areas where wet working conditions exist, The authors have declared no competing interest. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Accessibility 2. Severity Factors and Case Studies, "On the Correlation Model between Extreme Disaster Weather and Distribution Transformer Fault Types", "Influence of Power Quality on Value of Switching Overvoltages in Networks 6-10kV", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Severity_factor&oldid=1088887151, This page was last edited on 20 May 2022, at 17:07. MaritimeB. Conviction of a willful violation can lead to individual fines of $25,000 and six months in jail. Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first identified in Wuhan in December 2019 became a pandemic within a few months of its discovery. COVID-19 has become one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks of recent times, with over 2.1 million cases and 120,000 deaths so far. Two independent authors (LXY and ZXR) performed the data extraction by using standardized forms, which included date of publication, authors, region, number of included patients, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, comorbidities, complications, and severe or non-severe COVID-19. Z O 8C Based on the analysis of an increasing number of studies reporting details of BMI, we considered obesity as a risk factor. No, Is the Subject Area "Cancer risk factors" applicable to this article? 12. Therefore, more attention should be paid to those obese elderly males with a history of smoking, and the above comorbidities or complications since they are more likely to develop the severe from of the disease. No, Is the Subject Area "Metaanalysis" applicable to this article? The meta-analysis was conducted in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement [8]. Due to impaired gas exchange and serious inflammation in the alveolar space, patients with ARDS had significant need of ventilation [81]. 2. where VnoStd(i) is the maximum voltage drop along the ith dielectric path due to the no-standard transient events and Venvol(i) is the maximum voltage drop along the same ith dielectric path for all standards dielectric tests. 7. Direct, Indirect The cost of an accident is paid from company____ Profits Funnel plots were used to assess for publication bias and asymmetry was taken to indicate bias. Bookshelf One study shows that smoking can also enhance the expression of ACE2 [64] and this would raise the susceptibility. The severity factors are delineated by characteristics Negligible, Marginal, critical, and catastrophic. Advertisement Advertisement New questions in Arts. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. The purpose of this research is (1) to investigate the relationship between crash severity and the age and gender of the at-fault driver, the socio-economic characteristics of the surrounding . 13. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dict, risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. The dysfunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine responses due to diabetes could also increase the severity of COVID-19 [7]. The other factors ranged from 0.9% to 5.5% and half of them were around 1.0%, suggesting that they exert less effects on the severity of COVID-19. 2020 Nov 20;99(47):e23315. Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience COVID-19 has become one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks of recent times, with over 2.1 million cases and 120,000 deaths so far. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The mathematical expression of this factor is. endstream endobj 209 0 obj <, XXYD:KRrG`GcGD8 The soil erosion process is a complicated system controlled by a multitude of factors comprising soil characteristics, local climatic conditions, nature of terrain features, ground cover, land use types, conservation practices, and interaction between them. The severity factors are delineated by characteristics ____, marginal,critical, and catastrophic. PMC Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ult, s a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. True OR False Best Answer In a binary logistic regression model, C-reactive protein level (OR 1.073, [CI, 1.013-1.136]; p = 0.017), CD8 T lymphocyte counts (OR 0.989, [CI, 0.979-1.000]; p = 0.043), and D-dimer (OR 5.313, [CI, 0.325-86.816]; p = 0.241) were independent predictors of disease severity. In areas where mechanical equipment is used, narrow aisles and poor housekeeping can lead to all of the following EXCEPT: A. Lopez-Fernandez. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250602. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. IndirectB. 2020:25. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000045. In total, 21060 patients were included in the meta-analysis. To minimize bias, two authors (LXY and ZXR) independently screened titles and abstracts and extracted potentially eligible articles. Yes The elements of the Z-axis are modifications of the Hazard Elimination andControl steps (also known as the Hazard Reduction Precedence Sequence). In areas where mechanical equipment is used, narrow aisles 776 0 obj <>stream Question Asked 3/11/2022 10:18:14 PM 0 Answers/Comments This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. The project described was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH, under Award Number 5UL1TR001425-03. As of 9th March 2021, according to WHO, the number of confirmed cases around the world has surged dramatically to 116,166,652 with 2,582,528 deaths, which suggests the general mortality rate is approximately 2.22% [2]. In order to discover the potential sources of heterogeneity, we performed subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis according to study location (Hubei province and outside Hubei province) and the median ages of patients. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause deaths. However some other studies have shown that ACE2 plays an anti-inflammatory role in RAS and protect patients from ARDS [73, 74]. Careers. Classic severity factors such as victims' and crash characteristics (age, time and place of the crash, antagonist, seatbelt wearing) were assessed for truck and car drivers. Workers' Compensation InsuranceB. Severe cases were potentially associated with advanced age (Standard Mean Difference (SMD) = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.342.12), male gender (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% CI:1.331.71), obesity (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.442.46), history of smoking (OR = 1.40, 95% CI:1.061.85), hypertension (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 2.032.88), diabetes (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.982.91), coronary heart disease (OR: 2.87, 95% CI: 2.223.71), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.635.41), cerebrovascular disease (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.543.97), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.894.38), malignancy (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 2.003.40), and chronic liver disease (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.062.17). The following comorbidities: diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, asthma, COPD, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, osteoarthritis, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with hospitalization and/or disease severity. True OR False, 5. 16. Xose m. Lopez-Fernandez and Casimiro Alvarez-Mario, ", Electrical Transient Interaction Between Transformers and the Power Systems, Electrical Transient Interaction between Transformers and Power Systems, Iknduced Transient Voltage Performance Between Transformers and VCB. u20E.03:aS7 This is a true statement. Specifically, in this study we have compared the reported clinical characteristics of patients with non-severe and severe COVID-19 in eligible published literature. Other non-specific signs, subjective complaints, and chest radiographic . acute respiratory distress syndrome; CI, Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. Besterfield emphasizes in this connection that no single list of . Therefore, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the potential risk posed by critical medical states in COVID-19 patients.
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