12. Was Hideki Tj A War Criminal Or Loyal Statesman? (March 30, 2023). [14] The United Nations was unable to estimate how many deaths were officially registered. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. 51, pp. The statistics below do not contain Azad Kashmir or Gilgit-Baltistan, which disseminate their census data separately from Pakistan's four provinces and Islamabad. 3, pp. Pakistan is the world's fifth-most populated country.[7]. Balochi () is an Iranian language spoken as a first language by about 3% of Pakistanis, mostly in the Balochistan province. A staff writer for All Thats Interesting, Marco Margaritoff has also published work at outlets including People, VICE, and Complex, covering everything from film to finance to technology. T. Kobata and N. Uemuki, High temperatures during the grain-filling period do not reduce the potential grain dry matter increase of rice, Agronomy Journal, vol. 61, no. The coefficient of inbreeding of families with malformed children was 0.043425 as compared to 0.03 9352 in controls. 48269, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baos, Philippines, 1981. and Al-Hakkak, iS. Zakzouk, S., Sayed, YE., Bafaqeeh, S.A. Consanguinity and hereditary hearing impairment among Saudi population. Chitty, L.S. These are some maps of religious minority groups. Fox, R. Kinship and marriage. Reduction of chlorophyll content at 23 days after flowering compared to 2 days after flowering was 33 and 36% in hybrids and inbred, respectively. WebThe Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight with John Oliver The ratio of grain dry matter accumulated from current photosynthate to average leaf area (from heading to maturity) was almost similar in hybrid and inbred rice varieties indicating that leaves other than the flag leaf of studied hybrid rice varieties had the lower photosynthetic capability at grain filling stage than inbred BRRI dhan45. Due to a high fertility rate, estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. M. R. C. Laza, S. Peng, S. Akita, and H. Saka, Contribution of biomass partitioning and translocation to grain yield under sub-optimum growing conditions in irrigated rice, Plant Production Science, vol. 42, pp. 23, pp. [4][5][6] This figure includes Pakistan's four provinces, Islamabad Capital Territory, Azad Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan. Inbreeding H. Witham, D. F. Blaydes, and R. M. Devlin, Exercises in Plant Physiology, PWS Publishers, Boston, Mass, USA, 2nd edition, 1986. Context: Inbreeding increases the level of homozygotes for autosomal recessive disorders and is the major objective in clinical studies. 96, no. The 2017 census showed an increasing share in Hinduism, mainly caused by a higher birth rate among the impoverished Hindus of Sindh province. J. J. Tang, H. Chen, and S. Katsuyoshi, Varietial differences in photosynthetic characters and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics parameters among intergeneric progeny drive from Oryza x Sorghum, its parents and hybrid rice, Journal of Zhejiang University of Science B, vol. comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a Comment . After looking at nearly half a million peoples genetic data, researchers found 125 cases of extreme inbreeding, suggesting that there are approximately 13,200 such cases across the U.K. population as a whole. Fluctuation in flag leaf chlorophyll content was small among the different planting dates. In our series, this fact could not be proved. [52][53] The majority Pakistan's languages belong to the Indo-Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. After 1984 nineteen rounds of PDS were completed till 2007. Dis. Average data of two dry seasons, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 used. Photosynthate accumulation panicle1 decreased at the rate of ca. Statista. S. O. P. B. Samonte, L. T. Wilson, A. M. McClung, and L. Tarpley, Seasonal dynamics of nonstructural carbohydrate partitioning in 15 diverse rice genotypes, Crop Science, vol. The white tiger is a result of a rare genetic mutation and the most efficient way to breed them is by using two tigers who have the recessive genes needed to produce offspring with a white coat. (PDF) INBREEDING EFFECTS ON POST-WEANING GROWTH S. Peng, J. Yang, F. V. Gracia et al., Physiology-based crop management for yield maximization of hybrid rice, in Advances in Hybrid Rice, S. S. Virmani, E. A. Siddiq, and K. Muralidaran, Eds., pp. This poor filled grain percentage was associated with lower postheading crop growth rate and also related to failure of assimilates supply to the spikelets due to rising temperature. 3, pp. Med. and Kurian, M Consanguinity and its effect on fetal groMh and development: A South Indian study. The maximum value of LAI gradually decreased in hybrid and inbred varieties with delayed transplanting due to reduction of vegetative phase. In some countries, such as Pakistan, that figure is closer to 70%. These results indicated that BRRI dhan45 has the genotypic superiority over the tested hybrids with respect to postheading photosynthetic assimilation per unit leaf area. [7] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. Cheng et al. Grain yield ranged from 4.44 to 7.42tha1 for BRRI hybrid2, 4.37 to 8.03tha1 for Heera2, and 4.57 to 6.16tha1 for inbred BRRI dhan45 for all planting dates in both the years. T. Horie, I. Lubis, T. Takai et al., Physiological traits associated with higher yield potential in rice, in Rice Science: Innovations and Impact for Livelihood: Proceedings of the International Rice Research Conference 16-19 September 2002, T. W. Mew, D. S. Brar, S. Peng, D. Dawe, and B. Hardy, Eds., pp. Consanguineous marriages in Pakistan - PubMed In order to find all potential cases of extreme inbreeding from a dataset that is nearly half a million people large, Yengo and his team looked at the homozygosity of peoples genomes. [45][46][47] Majority of them were born in Pakistan within the last four decades and are ethnically Pashtuns, Tajiks, Uzbeks and others. Web[repost] According to a study 70% of Pakistan population is inbred and retarded. ", "EDUCATION SYSTEM PROFILES Education in Pakistan", "The History of the Urdu Language Together with Its Origin and Geographic Distribution", "The case for Urdu as Pakistan's official language", "In a city of ethnic friction, more tinder", "An Afghan Tragedy: The Pashtuns, the Taliban and the State", "Sindhi Language Structure, Writing & Alphabet", "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger", "Religions: Muslim 95% (Sunni 65%, Shia 30%), other (includes Hindus and Christians ) 5%", "Religious Minorities in Pakistan: Identities, Citizenship and Social Belonging", "Pakistan's population is 207.68m, shows 2017 census result", "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Canada, 2016 Census 25% Sample data", "Most Pakistanis and Urdu speakers live in this Australian state", "05183: Innvandrere og norskfdte med innvandrerforeldre, etter kjnn og landbakgrunn 19702021-PX-Web SSB", Pahari and Pothwari: a sociolinguistic survey, "The Language Environment of Hindko-Speaking People", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Pakistan&oldid=1152206668, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Pakistani English, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 27.5 births / 1,000 population (2021 est. One hundred and fifty-five siblings were also found malformed in 145 families. Languages with more than a million speakers each include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Saraiki, Urdu, Balochi, Hindko, Pahari-Pothwari[b] and Brahui. [49] There are also smaller groups of Muslim immigrants from countries such as Burma, Bangladesh, Iraq, Somalia, Iran, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, among others. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%. R. F. Wang, Y. H. Zhang, L. S. Qian, L. H. Wu, and Q. N. Tao, Studies on diagnostics of nitrogen in rice using chlorophyll meter, Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural University, vol. 5966, 2006. [67] It is the 11th most widely spoken language in India, and the third most-spoken native language in the Indian Subcontinent. WebA rough estimate shows that close to half of all Muslims in the world are inbred: In Pakistan, 70 percent of all marriages are between first cousins (so-called consanguinity) and in Turkey the amount is between 25-30 percent (Jyllands-Posten, 27/2 2009 More stillbirths among immigrants Results suggest that greater remobilization of shoot reserves to the grain rendered higher yield of hybrid rice varieties. In certain Indian communities, uncle-niece relationship is the commonest13, where as, preference is given to first cousin marriages in Pakistan (82% in our series) and Saudi Arabia14. The parents of children visiting out- patients department were asked to. Physical and chemical properties of the initial soil of the experimental plots. 16271635, 2007. Levitan, M. Text book of human genetics 3rd Ed. Pakistan. The present study suggested accumulation of more dry matter before heading and its higher translocation into the developing grain during filling stage resulting in higher yield of hybrids over the modern inbred. The Ahmadiyya movement shrunk in size (both raw numbers and percentage) between 1998 and 2017, while remaining concentrated in Lalian Tehsil, Chiniot District, where approximately 13% of the population is Ahmadiyya. Thereafter, the reduction of LAI is greater in inbred than that of hybrids (Figure 1). 238244, 2009. The religious breakdown of the Pakistani population as of Pakistan Census 2017 is as follows: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics released religious data of Pakistan Census 2017 on 19 May 2021. Children born with disorders and lower IQs did nothing to deserve such a fate, nor did the victims of a schizophrenic terrorist. 42, no. H. K. Poshtmasari, H. Pirdashti, M. Nasiri, and M. A. Bahmanyar, Study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer management on dry matter remobilization of three cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.), Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 172174, 2003. 2835, 2003. Inbreeding significantly (P<0.01) affected birth and 60 days weight. Numerous smaller cities (such as Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and the capital Islamabad) dot the rest of the country. The inbreeding coefficient for Holsteins is currently around 8 percent, meaning an average calf gets identical copies of 8 percent of its genes from its mother and its father. 1118, 1981 (Chinese). Q. H. Lin, Studies on grain-leaf ratio of population and cultural approaches of high yield in rice plants, in Quality of Crop Population, pp. It indicated that higher flag leaf chlorophyll content was the inherent characters of the studied hybrids. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. 103, no. T. Takai, S. Matsuura, T. Nishio, A. Ohsumi, T. Shiraiwa, and T. Horie, Rice yield potential is closely related to crop growth rate during late reproductive period, Field Crops Research, vol. In both the years, the maximum grain yield for all varieties was achieved at early planting dates (20 December) and there was a gradual decreasing trend observed in delayed planting. The extent to which our estimate reflects the true prevalence of [extreme inbreeding] in the entire UK population is a difficult question, said Yengo. In Pakistan, the numbers approach 70%. Of all the children with malformations, 83% (1530 out of 1835) were the product of consanguineous marriages with a ratio of 5:1 between related and unrelated parents as compared to 2.6:1 in the comparison group which had no malformations in their children with a p=0.00008, Pearsons Chi squarevalue of 15.66 and a contingency coefficient of 0.12417, making this association highly significant. Therefore, it seems consistent that higher flag leaf chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratio of hybrids play a significant role to increase photosynthetic rate during grain filling period. Murdock, G.P 1967. 112, no. Between 1951 and 2017, Pakistan's population expanded over sixfold, going from 33.7 S. S. Virmami, Shifting the yield frontier with hybrid rice, in Increasing Rice Production in BangladeshChallenges and Strategies, S. I. Bhuiyna and A. N. M. R. Karim, Eds., pp. It might be due to the intrinsic genetic trait or well adaptability of inbred BRRI dhan5 to environmental conditions. [Online]. At first sampling, hills were selected from the third rows and the next two rows or three hills were left for subsequent sampling to minimize the border effect. A buffer (levee) of 0.5m, 0.5m, and 1.0m was kept in between subplots, main-plots, and blocks, respectively. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85,[8][9] and in 2017, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 38.8% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.2%), and the Sindhis (14.6%). Use Ask Statista Research Service, COVID-19 deaths worldwide as of March 28, 2023, by country and territory, COVID-19 cases worldwide as of March 28, 2023, by country or territory, Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases, recoveries, and deaths worldwide as of Mar. [repost] According to a study 70% of Pakistan population is Then, the five readings were averaged for the plot. Chlorophyll content reflects the intensity of plant photosynthetic capacity and the extent of leaf senescence [24]. 4752, 1998. BRRI, Adunik Dhaner Chash (Modern Rice Cultivation), vol. According to The Daily Mail, extrapolating the teams findings to the U.K. population as a whole would suggest that an estimated 13,200 U.K. citizens are the result of extreme inbreeding. These cookies do not store any personal information. The genetic significance of consanguinity was reported as early as 1902 by Garrad who, alongwith Gallon are considered to be founders of medical genetics11. The latter ratio was garnered through police reports of incest offenses, arguably making that number less reliable (and likely lower than the truth). [41] reported higher photosynthetic capability of flag leaf in hybrid rice. Regarding the association of types of relationship to malformations, of the total related parents (n=3820), 50% of second cousins had malformations in their children The figures fnr first cousins and distant related parents were 39% and 36% respectively (Figure 1). clearly shows that 70% (185 out of 265) second cousin marriages resulted in malformations from fathers side, 51% (615 out of 1205) first cousin marriages caused malformations from mothers side, whereas, 100% (60 out of 60) of children had malformations if the parents were first cousins both from paternal and maternal sides. The language is spoken among a significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas. not being heard is no reason for silence on Twitter: "RT Weighted mean (Mw) concerning percentage frequency and mean co-efficient of inbreeding have been utilised for wider comparisons. In Pakistan, cousin marriage is legal and common for economic, religious and cultural reasons. T. Kobata, M. Sugawara, and S. Takatu, Shading during the early grain filling period does not affect potential grain dry matter increase in rice, Agronomy Journal, vol. 10. Dry matter accumulation at heading and its remobilization to the grain of the tested hybrid and inbred varieties at four planting dates for two year have been shown in Table 6. In spite of prevailing normal temperature one week before and after of flowering (data not shown) and normal appearance of spikelets, the number of filled grain as a percentage declined rapidly in studied hybrid varieties than in inbred BRRI dhan45 at delayed planting. Grey, R.F. Effects of parental consanguinity on fertility, mortality and morbidity among the pattusalis of Tirupati, South India. 319325, 2010. [7] This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. 9. Temperature, relative humidity (RH), total rainfall, solar radiation, and total sunshine hours of the experimental sites during dry seasons (DecemberMay) in 2008-2009 and 2009-2010, respectively. [citation needed], Pakistan is a multilingual country with dozens of languages spoken as first languages. Studied hybrid rice varieties showed slightly higher photosynthetic rate in flag leaf at 23 days after flowering. Therefore, it is imperative to clarify this controversy on hybrid rice varieties. Five plants were sampled at 10-day intervals starting from 20 DAT up to maturity. Inbreeding [3] The country's population structure is relatively young, with a median age of 19. The preanthesis shoot (stem + leaf) reserve translocation was calculated by net loss in dry weight of vegetative organs between preanthesis and maturity [33]. Grain filling index reflects the source-sink relationship [36]. Leaf area (LA) was measured by an automatic leaf area meter (Model: LI-3100, Li-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA.) 28, no. The numberofmalfonnedchildrenin related and unrelated parents were noted and subjected to various comparative methods of analysis. 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