D) close to or at perihelion. D) flattens out into the ecliptic plane around the Sun's poles. [2] It begins when only a small number of planetesimals remains and embryos become massive enough to perturb each other, which causes their orbits to become chaotic. E) with the others, between Mars and Jupiter; their red color gives them their name. Name three properties of the solar nebula still seen in planetary orbits. C) among the orbits of the terrestrial planets B) Comet Halley. The sun and planets formed from a single cloud that was slowly rotating. Describe the function(s) of the placenta. Proto-Sol is formed. The sun and planets formed from a single cloud that was slowly rotating. Astronomy Ch4: The Solar System Flashcards | Quizlet Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The nucleus of a comet is typically What is the origin of the atoms of hydrogen, oxygen, and sodium in the perspiration that exits your body during an astronomy exam? d. a large meteorite impact A) the circular disk of gas around the Sun's equator from which the planets formed. Relate meteor showers to comets; explain why most are annual events. A) are the sources of long-period comets. AST 111 Chapter 8 Flashcards | Quizlet e. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto, d. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune only, All the terrestrial planets lie inside the asteroid belt. D) brown dwarfs much more massive than Jupiter. B) caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an Earthgrazing asteroid. A number of possible mechanisms for this migration have been proposed. We have written many articles about the Solar System here at Universe Today. In contrast, the giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) formed beyond the point between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where material is cool enough for volatile icy compounds to remain solid (i.e. a. a few hundred kilometers across, and bright, shiny white from its ices. An example of a nebula that you are likely to be able to see is in the constellation Orion. ecliptic plane and in fairly circular orbits, The ________ is a vast, spherical array of long period comet nuclei far beyond the orbit of From this collapse, pockets of dust and gas began to collect into denser regions. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/science/solar-nebula, Columbia University - The Solar Nebula Formation of the Earth Origin of the Atmosphere and Oceans. lower due to presence of a lot of ________. D) the asteroid Gaspra. The planets formed by accretion from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitated together and coalesced to form ever larger bodies. Our solar system was created from a dust and gas . As the denser regions pulled in more and more matter, conservation of momentum caused it to begin rotating, while increasing pressure caused it to heat up. Meteoric material dates the formation of the solar system at about ________ billion years. [65] In such a region, eccentricities of embryos may become so large that the embryos pass close to a giant planet, which may cause them to be ejected from the system. n=1,690,541,699=74113232n=1,690,541,699=7^{4} \cdot 11^{3} \cdot 23^{2}n=1,690,541,699=74113232, Name each of the following molecular compounds: (6.5) The largest asteroid, and probably the only one to be a spherical "world" is How far is a spring extended if it has 1.0J1.0 \mathrm{~J}1.0J of potential energy and its spring constant is 1,000N/m1,000 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}1,000N/m? Nice overview, and I learned a lot. Temperatures were very high close to the center, only allowing condensation of metals and silicate minerals with high melting points. It was considered hard to grow grains above a cm, and when they grow they rapidly brake and fall onto the star. E) all planets condensed from the same nebula, and have similar compositions. Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis | astronomy | Britannica all of the above cleared the nebula Originally proposed to explain the origin of the Solar System, this theory has gone on to become a widely accepted view of how all star systems came to be. Astronomy-Chapter 15 Flashcards | Quizlet a. only Jupiter and Saturn 21. According to the nebular theory, how did the solar system form succeed. This stage is thought to last a few hundred thousand years. D) the jovian planets are more like the Sun than are the terrestrials. C) They vary considerably in composition, reflectivity, and size. So, what this theory is saying is as follows: Originally, there was a rotating cloud of gas that condensed and flattened out like a pancake. d) will revolve opposite the star's rotation. a. orbiting around the Kuiper Belt body Hector This website helped me pass! A) Venus B) Jupiter C) Saturn D) the Earth E) Uranus. According to the Solar Nebula theory, planets: a. should be a common result of star formation b. should orbit perpendicular to their star's equator c. should be randomly oriented to their stars equator d. will resolve opposite the star's rotation e. should be extremely rare a. should be a common result of star fomration All the planets orbit the Sun in exactly the same plane as the Earth. ecliptic plane in which the planets then formed. the Frost Line). C) a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground. true false. a. cout << "x == y: " << (x == y) << endl; b. N2S3\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{~S}_3N2S3 It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Eventually, when the sun became luminous enough, the unnecessary dust and gas was blown away into space, leaving the planets around the sun. Noting the doppler shifts of the star as the planet orbits. If a massive companion planet or star on an inclined orbit was present an exchange of inclination for eccentricity via the Kozai mechanism raising eccentricities and lowering perihelion followed by circularization can also result in a close orbit. D) Kuiper Belt Objects Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. All planets lie in orbits close to the ________ plane. C) most stars are too bright for us to detect a planetary transit. b) should be extremely rare. [61][65] If giant planets form too early, they can slow or prevent inner planet accretion. [21] In the framework of the solar nebular model two theories for their formation exist. A) slower due to conservation of angular momentum. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Astronomy Exam 2 Flashcards | Chegg.com Before it arrived in orbit about Eros, the NEAR spacecraft visited D) In differentiated bodies, the denser materials lie near their surfaces. B) closer on average to the Sun than is the Earth. The terrestrial planets grow by slower accretion, and the material may have started to be cleared from the disk. The Nebular Hypothesis and Formation of the Solar System poster about urban heat island (geography), which of the following types of tectonic forces tend to squeeze and shorten a rock body? It was during this time, from the 16th to 18th centuries, that astronomers and physicists began to formulate evidence-based explanations of how our Sun, the planets, and the Universe began. There were no comets or asteroids in these first-generation star systems. d. cout << "! The extrasolar planets are found mainly by observing the ________ shifts of their stars. B) Dawn. The catastrophic hypothesis is a hypothesis that states that our solar system formed thanks to a sudden and improbable event such as the collision of two stars. Solar nebula | astronomy | Britannica copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. How Was the Solar System Formed? - The Nebular Hypothesis C) Earth orbital X-ray images. Clumps of interstellar matter left behind in the midplane of the solar disk as it contracted toward its centre gradually coalesced, through a process of Read More solar system B) cools due to condensation. [d][61][65] If all embryos are removed, then no planets will form in this region. Which of the following did not occur during the collapse of the solar nebula? Meteoroids are significantly smaller than asteroids. A) weight divided by the planet's radius. The Astrometric Method looks at the movement of the star in relation to the center of the mass. So far, beyond the solar system the extrasolar planets found have been mostly: b. large jovians very close to theiri star. Meteor showers are are almost circular with low eccentricities, Which of the following is not icy in composition? According to the nebular theory, why did terrestrial planets form in the inner solar system and jovian planets in the outer solar system? But as we have learned, the inner planets and outer planets have radically different axial tilts.. The terrestrial planets formed inside the frost line of the solar nebula and the jovian planets formed beyond it. Learn more about the solar nebula theory and the distinction between the catastrophic theories of the solar system's formation and the more gradual, evolutionary theories. While the ball at the center formed the Sun, the rest of the material would form into the protoplanetary disc. For example, there is the problem of tilted axes. These would not be able to clear out an Earth mass atmosphere or ocean, so if Earth suffered one such impact after having volatiles delivered by late accretion/early bombardment, the Moon could result. If the mergers happen after the gas disk dissipates terrestrial planets can form, if in a transition disk a super-Earth with a gas envelope containing a few percent of its mass may form. While originally applied only to the Solar System, the SNDM was subsequently thought by theorists to be at work throughout the Universe, and has been used to explain the formation of many of the exoplanets that have been discovered throughout our galaxy. B) terrestrials with very elongated, distant orbits like comets. [2][19], The last stage of rocky planet formation is the merger stage. a. usually annual events, as the orbits again intersect D) an irregularly shaped body, mostly found orbiting between Mars and Jupiter. [76] The in situ formation of closely orbiting super-Earths would require a massive disk, the migration of planetary embryos followed by collisions and mergers, or the radial drift of small solids from farther out in the disk.
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