I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries (2007) Capabilities and Limits of Automated Multimedia Content Analysis, Internet Filtering and Adolescent Exposure to Online Sexual Material, The Inconsistent Work of Web Filters: Mapping Information Access in Alabama Public Schools and Libraries, Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents, Access Denied: How Internet Filtering in Schools Harms Public Education, United States v. American Library Association, Legal Briefs filed in United States v. American Library Association, FCC Report and Order 11-125, August 21, 2011, CIPA: A Brief FAQ on Public Library Compliance, Why Recent Court Decisions Dont Change the Rules on Filtering, State Laws Relating to Filtering, Blocking, and Usage Policies in Schools and Libraries. Such an effort, some said, might prepare more people to be wise in what they view/read/believe and possibly even serve to upgrade the overall social norms of information sharing. Being banned from social media is one obvious one. There has been a tremendous insertion of complex systems into many aspects of how we live in the decades since World War II, fueled by a tremendous growth in knowledge in general. I suspect this will play out differently in different parts of the world., Clay Shirky, vice provost for educational technology at New York University, replied, News is not a stable category it is a social bargain. C) The early selection filter because it allows higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? b.Consensus, Which of the following statements regarding the relationship between conflict and performance is true? California poised to reject affirmative action measure despite summer This has been referred to as the weaponization of public narratives. Some chose to have their names connected to their answers; others opted to respond anonymously. Brief on Recommender Systems. Different types of recommendation | by This is particularly problematic for collaborative filtering algorithms, which generate recommendations based on the item's interactions. An anonymous respondent observed, Whatever is devised will not be seen as impartial; some things are not black and white; for other situations, facts brought up to come to a conclusion are different that other facts used by others in a situation. By Theresa Chmara published in AASL's Knowledge Quest, Internet Filtering (2010) Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Trust in Media, In late 2016, Oxford Dictionaries selected post-truth as the word of the year, defining it as relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief.. Which model of attention is best supported by research findings and why? They believe that material can rise above misinformation and create a base of common knowledge the public can share and act on. Overall there are powerful forces, including corporate investment in surveillance-based business models, that create many incentives for unreliability, invisible handshake agreements with governments that militate against changing surveillance models, international espionage at a governmental and corporate level in conjunction with mediocre cryptography and poor use of white hat hackers, poor educational standards in major industrial countries such as the U.S., and fundamental weaknesses in the U.S. political/electoral system that encourage exploitation of unreliability. That means the continuing bifurcation of haves and have-nots, when it comes to trusted news and information., An anonymous editor and publisher commented, Sadly, many Americans will not pay attention to ANY content from existing or evolving sources. It operates at the Network layer and offers good performance but is the least secure. In fact, the companies are already beginning to take steps in this direction., An associate professor at a U.S. university wrote, I do not see us giving up on seeking truth. And a researcher based in Europe said, Technologies will appear that solve the trust issues and reward logic., Adam Lella, senior analyst for marketing insights at comScore Inc., replied, There have been numerous other industry-related issues in the past (e.g., viewability, invalid traffic detection, cross-platform measurement) that were seemingly impossible to solve, and yet major progress was made in the past few years. Sally did not consider her. D) A combination of the single filter and dual filter models. Support OIF with a $25, $50, $100, or $250 donation. Information is only as reliable as the people who are receiving it. But the overarching and competing themes were clear: Those who do not think things will improve felt that humans mostly shape technology advances to their own, not-fully-noble purposes and that bad actors with bad motives will thwart the best efforts of technology innovators to remedy todays problems. Governments and organizations are major actors in this space., An anonymous respondent said, Actors can benefit socially, economically, politically by manipulating the information environment. Chicago, IL:American Libraries Live. We need to replace ignorance and frustration with better life opportunities that restore confidence a tall order and a tough agenda. A packet-filtering firewall (answer a) is the simplest type of firewall commonly implemented on routers. That type of situation will continue. There will be a sort of gold standard set of sources, and there will be the fringe. "Peacefire.org was created in August 1996 to represent the interests of people under 18 in the debate over freedom of speech on the Internet. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. Who Is Filtering Your Feed? - Tim From Tampa kindly thumbs up for the solution. The 10thedition manual is an indispensable resource for day-to-day guidance on maintaining free and equal access to information for all people with a chapter titled "Censorship, Challenged Resources, and Internet Filtering". A number of respondents challenged the idea that any individuals, groups or technology systems could or should rate information as credible, factual, true or not. Information overload crushes peoples attention spans. The problem is human nature, The Role of Alternative Social Media in the News and Information Environment, AI and Human Enhancement: Americans Openness Is Tempered by a Range of Concerns. When you communicate only a portion of the information available in order to. Which of the following statements about filter models of attention is most correct? 4) Which of the following statements about filtering is NOT true? I also dont believe there will be a solution to the anonymity problem in the near future., Scott Spangler, principal data scientist at IBM Watson Health, said technologies now exist that make fake information almost impossible to discern and flag, filter or block. The most important action societies can take to protect people is education, information and training., An early internet developer and security consultant commented, Fake news is not a product of a flaw in the communications channel and cannot be fixed by a fix to the channel. The information that will be disseminated will be biased, based on monetary interests., Seth Finkelstein, consulting programmer and winner of the Electronic Freedom Foundations Pioneer Award, commented, Virtually all the structural incentives to spread misinformation seem to be getting worse., A data scientist based in Europe wrote, The information environment is built on the top of telecommunication infrastructures and services developed following the free-market ideology, where truth or fact are only useful as long as they can be commodified as market products., Zbigniew ukasiak, a business leader based in Europe, wrote, Big political players have just learned how to play this game. Here youll find research-based safety tips, parents guidebooks, advice, news, and commentary on all aspects of tech use and policy. Theme 1: The information environment will not improve: The problem is human nature Theme 2: The information environment will not improve because technology will create new challenges that can't or won't be countered effectively and at scale Theme 3: The information environment will improve because technology will help label, filter or ban misinformation and thus upgrade the public's . Irene Wu, Frank Kaufmann, founder and director of several international projects for peace activism and media and information, commented, The quality of news will improve, because things always improve. And Barry Wellman, virtual communities expert and co-director of the NetLab Network, said, Software and people are becoming more sophisticated., One hopeful respondent said a change in economic incentives can bring about desired change. Which one of the following statements about Filtering and Sorting is true? Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a long-standing treatment choice for disorders such as depression when pharmacological treatments have failed. When the television became popular, people also believed everything on TV was true. (See About this canvassing of experts for details about this sample.) For the environment to improve, we need substantial improvements in education systems across the world in relation to critical thinking, social literacy, information literacy, and cyberliteracy (see Laura Guraks book Cyberliteracy)., Su Sonia Herring, an editor and translator, commented, Misinformation and fake news will exist as long as humans do; they have existed ever since language was invented. Some even foresaw a world in which widespread information scams and mass manipulation cause broad swathes of public to simply give up on beinginformed participants in civic life. They noted their faith was grounded in history, arguing that humans have always found ways to innovate to overcome problems. Furthermore, information is a source of power and thus a source of contemporary warfare., Peter Lunenfeld, a professor at UCLA, commented, For the foreseeable future, the economics of networks and the networks of economics are going to privilege the dissemination of unvetted, unverified and often weaponized information. Their coping mechanism is to turn to entertainment or other lighter fare. An anonymous business leader argued, It is too easy to create fake facts, too labor-intensive to check and too easy to fool checking algorithms. And this response of an anonymous research scientist based in North America echoed the view of many participants in this canvassing: We will develop technologies to help identify false and distorted information, BUT they wont be good enough., In the arms race between those who want to falsify information and those who want to produce accurate information, the former will always have an advantage. An information filtering system is a system that removes redundant or unwanted information from an information stream using (semi)automated or computerized methods prior to presentation to a human user. Who gets to decide? Misinformation is not like a plumbing problem you fix. Featured Speakers: Gwyneth Jones Which of the following statements about visual search tasks is most correct? Its how people choose to react and access to information and news thats important, not the mechanisms that distribute them. Brennan Center for Justice at the NYU School of Law, Free Expression Policy Project, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense(2008) Those trying to stop the spread of false information are working to design technical and human systems that can weed it out and minimize the ways in which bots and other schemes spread lies and misinformation. 2) Information providers will become legally responsible for their content. Technological advancements and civil-awareness efforts will yield varied ways to continuously purge misinformation from it, to keep it reasonably reliable., An author and journalist based in North America said, I believe this era could spawn a new one a flight to quality in which time-starved citizens place high value on verified news sources., A professor of law at a major U.S. state university commented, Things wont get better until we realize that accurate news and information are a public good that require not-for-profit leadership and public subsidy., Marc Rotenberg, president of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, wrote, The problem with online news is structural: There are too few gatekeepers, and the internet business model does not sustain quality journalism. D) A green P. What aspect of the Stroop task demonstrates controlled processing? exam 2 possibly Flashcards | Chegg.com During the discussion on the item afterward, Martin kept, QUESTION 31 Which of the following statements regarding techniques for making better decisions is accurate? New information platforms feed the ancient instinct people have to find information that syncs with their perspectives: A 2016 study that analyzed 376 million Facebook users interactions with over 900 news outlets found that people tend to seek information that aligns with their views. After the 2016 election, the issue of fake information has been spotlighted.. D) Inhibition of return increases the effort required for an individual to attend to the same stimulus several times, thereby decreasing evolutionary survival. ", Electronic Frontier Foundation By Chris Petersen, Shannon M. Oltmann, and Emily J.M. And we have come to see the television news teams as representing divergent points of view, and, depending on your politics, the network that does not represent your views is guilty of fake news. It is hard to imagine a fair referee that would be universally trusted., Richard Lachmann, professor of sociology at the State University of New York at Albany, replied, Even though systems [that] flag unreliable information can and will be developed, internet users have to be willing to take advantage of those warnings.
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